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Indre Wijdefjorden National Park ((ノルウェー語:Indre Wijdefjorden nasjonalpark)) is located in a steep fjord landscape in northern Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It covers the inner part of Wijdefjorden—the longest fjord on Svalbard. The national park was established on 9 September 2005 and covers , of which is on land and is sea. The marine environment changes vastly from the mouth of the fjord, through a still, cold, water basin, becoming deeper before reaching the glacier Mittag-Lefflerbreen at the inner-most sections of the fjord. On both sides of Wijdefjorden there is High Arctic steppe vegetation, dominated by grasses and extremely dry, basic earth. There are some areas dominated by exposure of mineral earth. The area around the fjord has a vegetation which is unique and not preserved in other areas of Svalbard. Along with vegetation found on nesting cliffs, it is the most exclusive flora in Svalbard. There are several exclusive species in the national park, including , ''Puccinellia svalbardensis'', ''Gentianella tenella'' and ''Kobresia simpliciuscula''. Of the larger fjords on Svalbard, Wijdefjorden is the least affected by humans, although a trapping station has been built at Austfjordnes. ==Geography== Indre Wijdefjorden National Park covers , of which is on land and is sea, making it the smallest national park in Svalbard. It is located in the steep fjord landscape on both sides of the inner ("Indre") parts of Wijdefjorden ("The Wide Fjord") on Spitsbergen. At length, Wijdefjorden is the longest fjord on Svalbard. It is located on the northern coast of Spitsbergen, between Andrée Land to the west, Dickson Land to the south and Ny-Friesland to the east. The inner parts of Wijdefjorden split into two, with the eastern, long part known as Austfjorden ("The East Fjord"), and the shorter as Vestfjorden ("The West Fjord"). At the end of Austfjorden is the glacier Mittag-Lefflerbreen. The inner parts of the fjord receive some of the lowest precipitation of the archipelago. Combined with the exposed basic earth, this results in Europe's only High Arctic steppe. The only other area with this landscape is the north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The rock bed on each side of the fjord is different. On the west side there are Devonian deposits, while there is bedrock on the east side, resulting in different vegetation on each side.〔Aasheim (2008): 129〕 The fjord has a unique shape; it has a wide mouth (thus the name), but at Elvetangen there is a shallow section which is deep. This reduces the circulation in the inner parts of the fjord, which have a cold-water basin deep.〔Aasheim (2008): 130〕 Average July temperatures range from , and in January temperatures are normally between . The Arctic climate results in permafrost, which can be up to deep.〔Aasheim (2008): 19〕 The North Atlantic Current moderates Svalbard's temperatures, particularly during winter, giving it up to higher winter temperature than similar latitudes in continental Russia and Canada, keeping the surrounding waters open and navigable most of the year. The shelter of the mountains gives the inland fjord areas less temperature difference than the coast.〔Torkilsen (1984): 98–99〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indre Wijdefjorden National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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